How we decide what goes on Canine Universe, where the numbers come from, and how to tell us when we are wrong.
Canine Universe is an independent reference for pet owners: a vet-cost index, a pet-insurance calculator, insurer comparisons and a daily pet-food recall tracker. It covers Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand.
Vet prices are national typical ranges built from published clinic price lists and veterinary fee surveys, scaled by a price level for each country and a multiplier for each city. When owners submit real bills, three verified bills for a city and procedure replace our estimate. Prices are ranges before tax, never quotes.
Insurance premiums on our pages are modelled estimates, not quotes. They are worked out from breed size, city and age. Where a national industry body publishes an average premium, we show that figure with its source and date, labelled as a published average, not a quote. We do not hold any insurer's rate card.
We use AI tools to help draft guides and to run the daily recall refresh. A guide is not medical advice and has not been reviewed by a veterinarian unless the page shows a named vet reviewer.
A page shows a named author or vet reviewer only when a real person has done that work. Until then, pages are produced by the Canine Universe research desk and say so.
We check the regulators listed on our methodology page once a day and keep only notices about pet food, treats, animal supplements and veterinary drugs. We do not rewrite a regulator's notice; each entry links to the original. A notice appears here after the regulator publishes it, so there can be a delay. Always check the regulator's notice and the lot number on your own bag or can.
No vet clinic, insurer or pet-food brand has paid to be listed or ranked here. Insurer comparisons are based on cover and fit, not on quoted prices. See how we make money.
If a price, recall or statement is wrong, tell us through the bill form and say what is wrong in the notes box. Do not include your name or your clinic's name. When we confirm an error we fix it and update the date shown on the page.